Ultrafast Electron–Phonon Coupling at Metal-Dielectric Interface

Energy transfer from photo-excited electrons in a metal thin film to the dielectric substrate is important for understanding the ultrafast heat transfer process across the two materials. Substantial research has been conducted to investigate heat transfer in a metal-dielectric structure. In this work, a two-temperature model in metal was used to analyze the interface electron and dielectric substrate coupling. An improved temperature and wavelength-dependent Drude–Lorentz model was implemented to interpret the signals obtained in optical measurements. Ultrafast pump-and-probe measurements on Au-Si samples were carried out, where the probe photon energy was chosen to be close to the interband transition threshold of gold to minimize the influence of non-equilibrium electrons on the optical response and maximize the thermal modulation to the optical reflectance. Electron-substrate interface thermal conductance at different pump laser fluences was obtained, and was found to increase with the interface temperature.     

Flame characteristics of premixed H2-air mixtures explosion venting in a spherical container through a duct

The explosion venting duct can effectively reduce the hazard degree of a gas explosion and conduct the venting energy to the safe area. To investigate the flame quantitative propagation law of explosion venting with a duct, the effects of hydrogen fraction and explosion venting duct length on jet flame propagation characteristics of premixed H₂-air mixtures were analyzed through experiment and simulation. The experiment results under initial conditions of room temperature and 1 atm show that when hydrogen fraction was high enough, part of the unburned hydrogen was mixed with air again to reach an ignitable concentration, resulting in the secondary combustion was easier produced and the duration of the secondary flame increased. With the increase of venting duct length, the flame front distance and propagation velocity increased. Meanwhile, the spatial distribution of pressure field and temperature field, and the propagation process and mechanism of the flame venting with a duct were analyzed using FLUENT software. The variation of the pressure wave and the pressure reflection oscillation law in the explosion venting duct was captured. Therefore, in the industrial explosion venting design with a duct, the hazard caused by the coupling of venting pressure and venting flame under different fractions should be considered comprehensively.     

Safety study on HIC containing waste resin with respect to hydrogen release

To explore the behavior of radiolytically produced hydrogen release from the waste resin stored in a high integrated container(HIC), and the mechanism of hydrogen diffusion in a near-surface disposal facility, both experimental studies and numerical simulations were performed through an accelerated irradiation test and simulated disposal, respectively. Results indicated that,100 years after disposal, the highest hydrogen concentration appeared in the cell where the HICs were placed. The volume fraction for different scenarios postulated in the numerical simulation was 2.64% for Scenario 1, 2.28% for Scenario 2, and 3.965% for Scenario 3, all of which are lower than the hydrogen explosion limit of 4.1%. The results indicated that the simulated HIC disposal scheme is safe.     

基于分段加权的反向稀疏跟踪算法研究

为提高稀疏表示跟踪模型性能，提出一种分段加权的反向稀疏跟踪算法，将跟踪问题转化为在贝叶斯框架下寻找概率最高的候选对象问题，构造不同的分段权重函数来分别度量候选目标与正负模板的判别特征系数。通过池化来降低跟踪结果的不确定性干扰，选择正负模板加权系数差值最大的候选表示作为跟踪结果。实验表明，在光照变化、遮挡、快速运动、运动模糊情况下，所提出的算法可以确保跟踪结果的准确性和鲁棒性。     

用于疏浚工程泥浆密度测量的电阻层析成像技术

江河湖海疏浚工程对于拓展和保障航运安全、促进生态恢复、维护/改善远海岛礁环境具有不可或缺的作用.目前,在绞吸和耙吸疏浚船上,多采用射线密度计及电磁流量计对输泥密度、产量等进行在线计量,并作为实现疏浚系统自动控制的重要参量.由于射线密度计潜在的人员健康、公共安全和环保风险,在一些国家和地区已建立了放射源的有序退出机制.电阻层析成像使用安装于管壁的电极阵列获得管道内流体的电导率分布,进而推导出管道内的泥浆密度,具有无辐射、全场测量及实时可视化的优点.电阻层析成像测量系统经过特殊设计,可适应从内陆淡水到海水的巨大电导率变化.初步测试表明,电阻层析成像测量数据与射线密度计具有良好一致性,具备了作为在线泥浆密度测量的可行性.此外,ERT可提供实时的流动成像,对于提高对疏浚管道监测能力和降低堵管概率具有重要意义.     

Crystallographic characteristics and microwave dielectric properties of Ni-modified MgTa2O6 ceramics

Ni²⁺ modified MgTa₂O₆ ceramics with a trirutile phase and space group P4₂/mnm were obtained. The correlations between crystallographic characteristics and microwave dielectric performance of MgTa₂O₆ ceramics were systematically studied based on the chemistry bond theory (PVL theory) for the first time. The results indicate that the introduction of Ni²⁺ causes a change in polarizability and the Mg–O bond ionicity, which contributes to the variation of dielectric constant. Moreover, the lattice energy, and packing fraction, full width at half maximum of the Raman peak of Ta–O bond, as the quantitative characterization of crystallographic parameters, regulate the dielectric loss of MgTa₂O₆ ceramics in GHz frequency band. In addition, the study of sintering behavior shows that the densification and micromorphology are the crucial factors affecting the microwave dielectric performance. Typically, Ni²⁺ doping on the A-site of MgTa₂O₆ can effectively promote the Q × f values to 173,000 GHz (at 7.43 GHz), which ensures its applicability in 5G communication technology.     

Investigation of crystal characteristics,Raman spectra,and microwave dielectric properties of Mg1-xZnxTa2O6 ceramics

Mg_(1-x)Zn_xTa₂O₆ (x = 0.00?0.08) dielectric ceramics were synthesized via the traditional solid-state reaction method. We used XRD and Rietveld refinement to demonstrate that a pure Mg_(1-x)Zn_xTa₂O₆ phase with trirutile structure was formed. Zn²⁺ substitution helped to decrease the Raman full width at half width of the A_1g mode at 703 cm^?1, which resulted in an increase in the order and rigidity of the TaO₆ octahedron, this in turn contributed to improving the Q×f values. Additionally, the introduction of Zn²⁺ significantly promoted grain growth and increased the dense, and the molecular polarizability, these factors lead to a higher permittivity. Moreover, enhanced Ta-O bond energy resulted in a more stable TaO₆ octahedron in the Mg_(1?x)Zn_xTa₂O₆ system, which contributed to enhanced τ_f values via substitution of Zn²⁺ doped on the A-site. Correspondingly, the microwave dielectric properties were significantly improved for 0.04-doped samples, obtaining: ε_r = 27, Q × f = 185,000 GHz (at 7.47 GHz), τ_f =32 ppm/°C.     

Nonhydrolyzable Heptose Bis- and Monophosphate Analogues Modulate Pro-inflammatory TIFA-NF-κB Signaling

d -Glycero-d -manno-heptose-1β,7-bisphosphate (HBP) and d -glycero-d -manno-heptose-1β-phosphate (H1P) are bacterial metabolites that were recently shown to stimulate inflammatory responses in host cells through the activation of the TIFA-dependent NF-κB pathway. To better understand structure-based activity in relation to this process, a family of nonhydrolyzable phosphonate analogues of HBP and H1P was synthesized. The inflammation modulation by which these molecules induce the TIFA-NF-κB signal axis was evaluated in vivo at a low-nanomolar concentration (6 nM) and compared to that of the natural metabolites. Our data showed that three phosphonate analogues had similar stimulatory activity to HBP, whereas two phosphonates antagonized HBP-induced TIFA-NF-κB signaling. These results open new horizons for the design of pro-inflammatory and innate immune modulators that could be used as vaccine adjuvant.     

酸改性CoPd/TiO2催化CH4-CO2直接合成C2含氧化合物

采用酸处理方法对CoPd/TiO₂催化剂进行改性，并将酸改性催化剂用于温和条件下CH₄-CO₂梯阶转化直接合成C₂含氧化合物（乙酸和乙醇）的反应。在150～300℃考察了浸酸方式和不同种类酸处理对催化剂活性和选择性的影响。采用X射线衍射（XRD）、X射线光电子能谱（XPS）、NH₃程序升温脱附（NH₃-TPD）和N₂吸附对催化剂进行了表征。结果表明，酸改性明显提高了CoPd/TiO₂上C₂含氧化合物的生成速率和选择性。浸酸方式对催化剂性能和结构有显著影响，先用酸浸渍载体然后再浸渍活性金属所得催化剂具有更高的活性。在H₃PO₄、HNO₃和HCl中，H₃PO₄浸渍的催化剂活性最佳，在150℃时C₂含氧化合物（乙酸和乙醇）的生成速率为3365 μg/(g·h)，选择性达到91%。